Ean van den Berg, [23 Feb 2024 at 08:17:30]: Hi all, has anyone used oxyclozanide as an active ingredient for deworming in game? Manie du Plessis, [23 Feb 2024 at 08:37:43]: Hi Ean. Yes, I have used it in buffalo for conical fluke. V-Tech can help you with a compounded feed additive. Ean van den Berg, [23 Feb 2024 at 08:48:17]: Thanks Manie, I am looking at Tramizan (levamisole + oxyclozanide) as an alternative in sable and roan. Any idea of safety in these species? Tramizan is registered for use in sheep and goats, so I think it should be safe? Alex Lewis [23 Feb 2024 at 09:13:51]: I used it in sable and had mortalities with fog fever like symptoms, but I had used it many times before without issues, so I think with right grass conditions, it can be issue... Manie du Plessis, [23 Feb 2024 at 12:33:21]: I have unfortunately only used it in buffalo, Ean. I used Tramizan with stomach tube in small buffalo calves without problems and with good results. Alex Lewis, [23 Feb 2024 at 20:37:11]: Hein Muller also has some bad reactions in sable from levamisole if I remember correctly... Andreas Gaugler, [23 Feb 2024 at 21:48:25]: We had a farmer in southern Namibia who just added levamisole to the lick /food of his sable and he had a few deaths Liam Theuns Smit, [24 Feb 2024 at 08:33:05]: Levamisole at 3 times the therapeutic dose will cause 30 % mortalities Henry Labuachagne, [24 Feb 2024 at 08:35:17]: I agree. The problem with game consuming medicated feed is that you cannot control intake and some will overdose and die. Ean van den Berg, [24 Feb 2024 at 10:59:25]: I have used levamisole (Tramisol, Prodose Red and Endotape) a lot in sable and roan without problems. I like the fact that it is a contact poison. So even if the animals are anaemic, it still works well, the downside is that there is no long-lasting effect. I am however not sure about the safety margin of the oxyclozanide We are starting to see resistance to levamisole which is a concern Danie Odendaal, [24 Feb 2024 at 15:52:33 (24 Feb 2024 at 15:53:18)]: Ean, where does the notion come from that levamisole is not taken up into the blood circulation very quickly (as it does), and therefore it rather acts as a contact poison? I would really like to get a research reference to that. Henry Labuschagne, [24 Feb 2024 at 16:07:48]: Levamisole is absorbed and acts as a nicotinic receptor agonist. It is also used as an immunomodulator and treatment of eg some neoplasms etc. Danie Odendaal, [24 Feb 2024 at 16:50:52]: Comparative pharmacokinetics of levamisole-oxyclozanide combination in sheep and goats following per os administration. Since there is no registered anthelmintic drug available for use in goats, extra-label use of drugs is a common practice in most countries. The aim of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetic disposition of levamisole (LVM)-oxyclozanide (OXZ) ... Danie Odendaal, [24 Feb 2024 at 16:50:52]: Comparative pharmacokinetics of levamisole-oxyclozanide combination in sheep and goats following per os administration - PMC https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170771/ Ean van den Berg, [24 Feb 2024 at 18:53:43]: Thank you Danie and Oom Henry, my info must then be incorrect, and I will go read up on levamisole. I was under the impression that it is a contact poison (It is certainly marketed as such by certain pharmaceutical companies) But thank you for correcting me Danie Odendaal, [24 Feb 2024 at 20:15:01]: Ean, that is the narrative of Virbac that was spread throughout the livestock industry. The bottom line is - if a product/active is still working, then you need one treatment to clean out the existing infestation. The story about the contact efficacy (and the low blood protein that can't bind the active) and then the need to follow up a week later is a figment of the imagination. But farmers like such a story. As said before, an effective product deals with the current infestation.
