Rob Jackson, [24 Jun 2024 at 13:46:51]: Good afternoon. Does anyone have normal lactate ranges for elephants and opinions on assessment and prognosis in southern Africa? I am using equine ranges at the moment and need to know particularly for orphaned calves. Thank you Chris Perkins (24 June 2024) Unfortunately quite a range – see the table below. And there is no way to know if these were from routine procedures or obtained from dying animals. The sample size is quite large, so should be good enough. Rob Jackson, [24 Jun 2024 at 14:25:50]: Thank you. Adrian Tordiffe, [24 Jun 2024 at 18:53:44]: Lactate should really be under 2mmol/L in a healthy non-sedated elephant regardless of age. Rather than just looking at the starting value only, I prefer to judge the prognosis based on the change in lactate in response to therapy. So, if lactate is slow to come down, it is usually bad news for the animal. Rob Jackson, [24 Jun 2024 at 20:48:01]: Thank you so much